The Bolognese Surgeon Who Built New Noses Out of Upper-Arm Skin in 1597
Gaspare Tagliacozzi's *De Curtorum Chirurgia per Insitionem* (1597) described the first systematic European reconstructive surgical technique for nose loss — using a substantial skin flap rotated from the patient's upper arm. The technique required the patient to keep the arm strapped to the face for several weeks while the graft established blood supply.
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