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Max von Pettenkofer was the most prominent 19th-century German opponent of the germ theory of cholera. In 1892 he drank a flask of *Vibrio cholerae* sent to him by Robert Koch's institute. He did not die. He shot himself nine years later.
Read the story →In October 1892 the Munich hygienist Max von Pettenkofer asked [Robert Koch's](/articles/robert-koch-cholera-1883) laboratory to send him a fresh culture of *Vibrio cholerae*. He drank approximately a billion organisms in a flask of beef broth, in front of academic witnesses, to demonstrate that the bacterium alone could not cause cholera. He survived the experiment. Nine years later he shot himself.
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