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Where did the Industrial Revolution begin?
Britain in the late 18th century combined cheap coal, colonial markets, scientific culture, property rights, and high labour costs — together creating the conditions for industrialisation. The textile, steam, and iron industries transformed first. Germany, the United States, and Japan industrialised in the second half of the 19th century; Italy and Russia followed.
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The Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution was the transition from agrarian and handicraft economies to industrial and machine manufacturing that began in Britain in the late 18th century and spread across Europe, North America, and parts of Asia over the following 150 years. It is the most consequential economic transformation in human history since the Neolithic adoption of agriculture.
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